Acquisition of concepts and tools (first step)

This first step is dedicated to reminders on the thermodynamic concepts already seen, studies of the basic cycles, discovery of the technologies used and training in the use of Thermoptim.

It lasts about 12 hours, the time for revisions and complements being excluded.

At the end of this step, you should have perfectly memorized the following knowledge:

• The vocabulary and the basic concepts of thermodynamics.
• The thermodynamic properties of fluids (in a qualitative way) and their correspondence in the various domains of the charts.
• The shape of the main isovalues in the thermodynamic charts.
• The first law, the functions h, Q, W, shaft work, energy balances calculation
• The architecture of the basic examples, their orders of magnitude for a design.
• The shape of the cycles of these examples, at least in the (T,s) and (h, log P) charts
• The differences (in a qualitative way) between the cycles of the examples and the Carnot’s cycle, (i.e. The qualitative analysis of their irreversibilities)
• The main technological constraints encountered in these examples.

General, Thermoptim presentation

Presentation of Thermoptim and its various features

• Introduction

  Overall presentation of the course, pedagogical principles and didactic approach

• Thermoptim presentation

  Thermoptim presentation

Basics of thermodynamics

• Forms of Energy, First Law

  This session shows that two forms of energy are involved in the energy systems components: the mechanical work of pressure forces and the heat exchanged with the surroundings. The different terms that appear in the expression of the first law in steady state, in closed or open system, are presented

• Second Law, irreversibilities

  This session introduces the second law and its application to quantify irreversibilities

• Properties of ideal gases (T,s) charts

  This session presents the properties of ideal gases and entropy charts

• General information on cycles

  This session introduces the notion of cycle and associated terminology, which will be used later in systems studies

Heat transfer, compression, expansion

• Heat transfer to a fluid

  This session shows how to calculate the heat received by or given to a fluid

• Thermodynamics of compression and expansion

  This session deals with the thermodynamics of compression and expansion. The presentation is first focused on compression, the specificities of expansion being specified at the end. It shows the following points: 1) the reference compression or expansion is generally isentropic, 2) the irreversibilities can be taken into account either by an isentropic efficiency, or by adopting a polytropic approach (valid for turbomachines), 3) compression or expansion is generally multi-stage

Simple gas turbine

• Ideal gas turbine exercise

  This exercise assumes that a single gas, air, flows through a gas turbine. This fluid is initially modeled as a perfect gas, and in a second time as an ideal gas. The resulting model is obviously simplistic, but it remains interesting on the didactic plane, because it makes it possible to make the link between the analytical theoretical calculations and their resolution in Thermoptim

Gas turbines with combustion

• Thermodynamics of combustion

  This session shows how to calculate a combustion

• GT exercise with combustion

  In this second part of the modeling exercise of a gas turbine, the combustion reaction taking place in industrial machines is taken into account. The model is then much more realistic. The comparison with the model without combustion makes it possible to analyze the limits of this one

Simple steam cycles

• Exercise simple steam cycle

  This exercise shows how to model with Thermoptim a 300 MW steam power plant

Simple refrigeration cycle with compression

• Simple refrigeration cycle exercise

  This exercise shows how to model with Thermoptim a 100 kW water cooling unit